BulletsIn

• The Anglo-Nepal War, also known as the Gorkha War, was fought between the British East India Company and the Kingdom of Nepal over territorial expansion and strategic interests.
• Nepal, under Prithvi Narayan Shah, had expanded rapidly across regions like Kumaon, Garhwal, and Sikkim, creating tensions with British territorial ambitions in India.
• The main causes included border disputes, economic competition over Himalayan trade routes, and security concerns of the British regarding Nepal's growing influence near Bengal.
• The immediate trigger of the war was Nepal's occupation of the Butwal region in the Terai, which was under British protection, escalating tensions into open conflict.
• Nepalese forces led by Amar Singh Thapa used hilly terrain and strong fortifications effectively, initially resisting British advances despite having smaller troop strength.
• Early British setbacks occurred in battles like Jitgadh and Jaitak, but later victories such as the Battle of Makwanpur in 1816 ensured British dominance.
• The war ended with the Treaty of Sugauli, under which Nepal ceded territories like Kumaon, Garhwal, and parts of the Terai to the British.
• The treaty also required Nepal to accept a British resident, marking the beginning of controlled diplomatic relations while ending major conflicts between Nepal and the British.