In parliamentary democracy, different types of majorities determine how laws are passed and decisions are made. These majorities ensure balance, stability, and proper functioning of legislative processes depending on the importance of the issue.
BulletsIn
- Simple majority means more than 50 percent of members present and voting.
- Used for ordinary bills, motions, and routine parliamentary decisions.
- Absolute majority means more than 50 percent of total strength of the house.
- Example is 273 or more members in Lok Sabha out of 543.
- Effective majority means more than 50 percent excluding vacant seats.
- Used in removal of Vice President, Speaker, and Deputy Speaker.
- Special majority under Article 368 of Indian Constitution requires two thirds present and voting plus absolute majority.
- Used for constitutional amendments and national emergency approval.
- Special majority under Article 61 of Indian Constitution requires two thirds of total membership.
- Some amendments need state ratification by more than half of states.