Shillong: Meghalaya's Mawlynnong, known as Asia's cleanest village, has added another feather to its cap with the discovery of two new glowing fireflies.
A study led by Assam Don Bosco University researcher Emma Magdalene Nonglang has identified two previously unknown species-Diaphanes meghalayanus and Diaphanes mawlynnong.
Both insects belong to the genus Diaphanes and can be clearly distinguished from related species due to their unique physical features.
The first species, Diaphanes meghalayanus, is notable for its striking black and bright red pattern on the shield-like plate behind its head. It also has brownish-yellow wing covers and a slender reproductive structure. The species is named after Meghalaya, where it was discovered.
The second species, Diaphanes mawlynnong, stands out for its rare bead-like antennae, along with a vivid red central plate and pale brown wing covers. It is named after Mawlynnong village itself, in recognition of the area and the local Khasi community's role in preserving the environment.
Researchers found these fireflies in largely undisturbed habitats such as semi-evergreen forests and bamboo patches near rocky streams-areas with minimal human activity and very low artificial lighting.
Field observations revealed that D. meghalayanus prefers cool, humid conditions, typically between 18-20°C. Males were seen emitting soft green flashes while flying at heights of 10-15 metres above the ground.
In comparison, D. mawlynnong is associated with denser forest cover. While the males also fly at higher levels, the wingless females were observed beneath rocks, producing a slower and longer-lasting glow.
The discovery is considered significant, as there were previously no documented records or museum specimens of fireflies from Meghalaya.