New Delhi: In the Lok Sabha, the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) currently holds 293 seats in the 543-member House. This is comfortably above the simple majority mark of 272, which is needed for passing ordinary laws.

However, constitutional amendments follow a stricter rule.

Under Article 368, a constitutional amendment requires a special majority.

This means more than half of the total membership of the House, along with a two-thirds majority of members present and voting. In practical terms, if all members are present, the government would need around 360 votes to pass such amendments. This leaves a gap of roughly 68 to 70 votes that must come from parties outside the NDA to avoid difficulties in the process.

The Rajya Sabha presents a slightly different picture. After the biennial elections held in March 2026, the NDA's strength has increased to about 141 seats in the 245-member Upper House. While this gives the alliance a working advantage, it is still short of the 163 votes needed for a two-thirds majority, assuming full attendance. The gap stands at around 22 seats.